Language and Indirect Speech (Listening)

The following talk by psychologist and linguist Steven Pinker is quite similar to IELTS Listening Section 4.(This lecture does contain references to sex and dating, which are not likely to appear on the IELTS exam!)

The specific topic of the lecture is indirect language. He explains why people often avoid making commands or asking directly for something. It is partly due to politeness, but also due to the speaker's wish to avoid embarrassment and awkwardness.

Watching this video may help you to understand English-speakers better!

Before listening, look at the vocabulary words below. If necessary use an English to English Dictionary to find their meanings.


hostage        proffer        bribe       euphemism        infer

veiled         threat         literal     metaphorical     ethos

ubiquity       dominance      altruism    anomalous        cheeky

awkwardness    reciprocity    naive       innuendo    deniability


Now read the fill-in-the-blank questions below the video and look for key words. Make a guess about what word might logically complete each sentence. Then listen as many times as necessary to complete the exercise. Some words will appear within the video, so you'll have an advantage if you're a quick reader. It's ok if you don't understand everything! 

Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

1. Language is a ______________ into social relations.

2. A kidnapper has a hostage tied up in the back seat of a car and, inconveniently, is ______________ by the police because he's missing ______________.

3. So the puzzle is why are bribes, ______________, seductions,solicitations and threats so often veiled when both parties presumably know _________________ they mean?

4. Behaviour that is acceptable in one ________________ type can be anomalous in another.

5. You wouldn't go up to your boss and ________________ to a prawn off his plate because what you can get away with in a communality relationship you can't get away with in a ________________ relationship.

6. One remaining ________________, which is why we resort to indirectness even when there is no ________________.

7. What is the psychological status of an overture that ________________ to be out there or on the record that makes it feel so much more ________________ than a veiled overture that is conveyed indirectly?

8. When a little boy said the emperor is ________________ he was not telling anyone anything that they did not already know and even if they could not see with their ________________.

9. Once again, that gave them the collective power to _______________ the dominance of the emperor through their  _______________. 

10. The moral of the story is that explicit language is an ________________ of creating mutual knowledge.

To read a transcript of the talk, and to check your answers, CLICK HERE.

How To End Poverty (Task 2 Writing) (Listening)

One issue that is closely connected with globalization in the modern world is the issue of poverty. This blog has previously drawn attention to the issues raised by this Task 2 Writing question:

Although developing countries receive a great deal of financial aid from elsewhere in the world, they continue to have issues with poverty. Do you think that developed countries should give more help or a different kind of help? Or do you think that developing countries must find their own solutions to poverty?

To properly address this question, we need to examine several issues.

First of all, why do developed countries give financial aid to poor countries and why hasn't this aid led to significant reductions in poverty?

Secondly, what kind of help should rich countries give to poor countries instead of money?

Finally, how can poor people living in developing nations find their own solutions to poverty? Should rich countries simply ignore the problems of poverty overseas?

Many of these questions are answered in the following 20 minute talk. It gives information about a program that was used to help individuals donate money to poor families in Kenya, and the results of this program. Look up the following vocabulary words and read the questions for key words. Then, listen to the talk and answer the questions below.


Reluctant       Labourer       Misuse       Drunkard       

Dowry       Thatched Roof      Eligible     Heifer

Exotic       Macroeconomics    Charity      Anecdote

Geeks         Evidence       Intervention   From Scratch (idiom)

Click Here To Listen

1. Why were aid organisations reluctant to give cash to poor people? (Several reasons are given.) 

2. Why were people initially unwilling to accept cash?

3. What are some challenges related to giving money to poor people? How did mobile phones help to alleviate some of these problems?

4. What is the meaning of the quote, "Give a man a fish, feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, feed him for a lifetime."

5. When people were given $1000, what did they generally buy with the money?

6. Did most people use the money well or waste it?

7. What were some of the disadvantages experienced by people who received money? What about the people who did not receive money?

8. How does "Give Directly" decide who they give money to?

9. Compare the methods used by "Give Directly" to those used by "Heifer International."

10. Which giving method do you think is better, based on the information in this programme?

If you're interested in learning more about Heifer International, Click Here:

Heifer International Website

Globalization and Economic Growth (Listening)

One topic that is certain to show up somewhere on your IELTS exam is the issue of globalization. You may find it in the reading section, in a listening lecture, or as a Task 2 Writing assignment such as the following common topics:

While globalization has made it possible for us to buy a wide variety of international products, many people believe that it’s preferable to buy local products, rather than those from international companies, in order to support the local economy. Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this issue, and present your own opinion.

Although developing countries receive a great deal of financial aid from elsewhere in the world, they continue to have issues with poverty. Do you think that developed countries should give more help or a different kind of help? Or do you think that developing countries must find their own solutions to poverty?

Some have argued that the term globalization should actually be called “Americanization” because it largely consists of United States culture and products being dominant all over the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Differences between countries are becoming less and less evident with each passing year. Nowadays, everyone in the world has the same fashions, eating habits, and media. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Do you think the changes associated with globalization are largely positive or largely negative?

You will need to have appropriate ideas and vocabulary in order to understand and discuss these topics. 

In the following video, speaker Alex Tabarrok speaks mostly about the advantages and benefits of a globalized economy. It's useful to pay attention to the manner in which he presents his arguments and gives examples to support them. If you need specific help on how to structure an essay about globalization, or would like to see some sample essays on these topics, please see the previous blog post:

Essay Structure Globalization Topic

Before watching the video, look up the vocabulary words below and preview the gap fill sentences. Remember, it's a good strategy for IELTS listening to guess the word form that will go in the blank. Will the gap be filled by a noun, a verb, or an adjective? Make your guess before you hear the talk, then watch the video to fill the gaps.

Part 1: Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences from the talk. Use these vocabulary words and double check to ensure that the grammar of each sentence is correct. 

Disaster       Cataclysm       Tragedy       Poverty       Resistant       Demand

Embrace       Burden       Cooperation       Incentives       Tripled       Abyss

1. The first part of the 20^th century was an absolute _________________ in human affairs, a _________________.

2. It was only in the second half of the 20^th century that we slowly began to pull ourselves out of this _________________.

3. We globalised the world. What does that mean? We extended _________________ across national boundaries.

4. Never before in human history have so many people been raised out of such great _________________ as happened in China.

5. Over the next 18 years, incomes in India have _________________.

6. Sub Saharan Africa has been the area of the world most _________________ to growth.

7. The _________________ are much larger to produce drugs which treat more people.

8. It is fortunate that we are becoming less of an idea leader because for too long, the United States and a handful of other developed countries have shouldered the entire _________________ of research and development.

9. We should not fear other countries becoming wealthy, that is something that we should _________________.

10. Globalization is increasing the _________________ for new ideas.

Part 2: Discussion Questions

Is Alex Tabarrok generally optimistic or pessimistic about the future of globalization?

What is the meaning of the Thomas Jefferson quote: “He who lights his candle at mine receives light without darkening me.” ?

Explain why it is better to have a common disease than to have a rare disease, from the standpoint of receiving treatment.

According to Alex, how will economic growth in Africa affect the world market? Give an example.

Does Alex think that we should be worried about future Depressions? Do you agree with him?

Why does he ask the question “Is China drinking our milkshake?” What does that question refer to?

What does Alex Tabarrok recommend that America do regarding globalization?

Do you believe that Alex Tabarrok’s views about the future are correct? Do you see any problems with his argument?

The Psychopath Test (Listening)

What is a psychopath?

Some people use the word "psychopath" to describe any person who behaves in a crazy or unbalanced way. In actuality, being a psychopath is much more serious. People with "clinical psychopathy" are human beings who lack important human emotions. They do not experience empathy, love, or meaningful connections with other people. 

In the following radio programme, you can hear three stories related to psychopaths. In the first section, the programme host describes what a psychopath is, tells about the radio staff's experience while taking "The Psychopath Test," and tells the story of a criminal who was evaluated with this test.

The second section discusses a successful business man who has scored highly on the Psychopath Test, and the third part gives the results of the staff members' test results. There is no reason to listen past minute 50:30.

It's quite long, but very interesting! Could you be a psychopath??

Before listening, make sure that you understand all of the following vocabulary:

rebellious      defendant      parole      delinquent

threaten        incident      mentor       reform

impulsive       ambivalent     ferocious    manipulative

amygdala        inaudible     formulate     parasitic

1. Generally speaking, what is the Psychopath Test used for?

2. What crimes did Robert Dixon commit? What crime was he imprisoned for at the time of the story?

3. Who invented the Psychopath Test? How does he feel when he talks about Psychopaths?

4. What are some problems with the Psychopath Test? (There are at least 5!)

5. Do you believe that Robert Dixon has been reformed? Do you think prison is a good place to reform criminals?

6. What is the connection between psychopaths and predatory animals?

7. Which typical characteristics of psychopaths does Al Dunlap have? Do you believe they have made him successful?

8. Do you think it's a good idea to categorize people's mental health? What are some advantages and drawbacks of this?

The Cobra Effect (Listening)

The audio recording below is a segment from an economics podcast (radio programme) called "Freakanomics." Their goal is to present financial and statistical concepts in an interesting way.

This particular programme is focused on the unintended consequences of trying to control human behaviour. We can apply this information to governmental policies on city planning, drug use, and the environment.

Before listening, make sure that you understand the following vocabulary:

rationing          implement          scheme          regulation

incentive          go awry            backfire        rescind

sewer              unintended         undermine       prestige

bounty             pitch in           drought         bait

I recommend using an ENGLISH dictionary to find out the meaning and pronunciation of each word. You can find an excellent online dictionary HERE.

The section is 30 minutes with a brief break for advertisement at the beginning and in the middle. This may seem long, but remember that the IELTS listening section lasts 40 minutes, so the ability to listen for long periods is truly invaluable!

After listening, consider the following questions and think about what you could say to answer them. Remember to form your answers in a complete sentence!

1. Briefly describe why the concept is called "The Cobra Effect." Why is it called "The Cobra Effect"?


2. What other animal pests underwent similar situations as cobras? Where did these problems take place?


3. Why did the population of pigs at Fort Benning actually increase rather than decrease?


4. What incentive scheme did the UN offer in an attempt to decrease greenhouse gases?


5. How does the Endangered Species Act negatively affect animals?


6. What can we learn about economics and incentives by learning about these unsuccessful situations?